End Notes

¹Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Counting the Homeless, Cat. No. 2050.0. (Updated figures fr 2006 ABS Census will be available in late 2008. Until then, the 2001 figures are the most reliable).

²Government of South Australia Department of the Premier and Cabinet (2008) Social Inclusion Initiative, available at http://www.socialinclusion.sa.gov.au/

³Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007) Consultancy for South Australian Government, 11 December.

⁴Monsignor Cappo, D. (2007) ‘'Social Inclusion Initiative', paper presented at Australia’s Welfare 2007 Conference, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.

⁵AMP.NATSEM National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (2008) Wherever I Lay my Debt, That’s My Home: Trends in Housing Affordability and Housing Stress 1995–96 to 2005–06, Income and Wealth Report Issue 19, NATSEM University of Canberra, Canberra.

⁶St Vincent de Paul Society (2007) Don’t Dream it’s Over: Housing Stress in Australia's Rental Market, p.7.

⁷St Vincent de Paul Society (2007) Don’t Dream it's Over: Housing Stress in Australia’s Rental Market ,foreword. Homelessness Australia (2008) Green Paper on Homelessness Roundtable: Report of key issues, March (unpublished). Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008 (unpublished).

⁸Department of Human Services Victoria (2002) Victorian Homelessness Strategy: Action Plan and Strategic Framework.

⁹Department of Human Services Victoria (2002) Victorian Homelessness Strategy: Action Plan and Strategic Framework

¹⁰ Department of Human Services Victoria (2002) Victorian Homelessness Strategy: Action Plan and Strategic Framework.

¹¹Department of Human Services Victoria (2002) Victorian Homelessness Strategy: Action Plan and Strategic Framework

¹²Social Exclusion Unit (2004) Breaking the Cycle: Taking Stock of Progress and Priorities for the Future, available at http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/social_exclusion_task_force/~/media/assets/
www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/social_exclusion_task_force/publications_1997_to_2006/breaking_report%20pdf.ashx>; Hagan, J. & McCarthy, B. (1997) Mean Streets: Youth Crime and Homelessness, Cambridge University Press and Juvenile Delinquency, Toronto; Farrall, S. (2004) “Social Capital and Offender Reintegration: Making Probation Desistance Focused” in Maruna, S. & Immarigeon, R. (eds), After Crime and Punishment: Pathways to Offender Reintegration.

¹³Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Census of Population and Housing Australia.

¹⁴Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Counting the Homeless, Cat. No. 2050.0.

¹⁵ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Counting the Homeless, Cat. No. 2050.0.

¹⁶ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) Census of Population and Housing Australia (data for children aged 0 to 4 years); Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

¹⁷Homelessness Australia (2008) Green Paper on Homelessness Roundtable: Report of Key Issues, March (unpublished).

¹⁸Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Census of Population and Housing Australia.

¹⁹Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²⁰Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²¹Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Counting the Homeless, Cat. No. 2050.0.

²² Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²³Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²⁴ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²⁵ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²⁶ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Census of Population and Housing Australia.

²⁷ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²⁸Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

²⁹Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Collection Data 2005–06, Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (unpublished).

³⁰Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, table 5.1 p.37.

³¹Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, unpublished tables prepared from Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Reports 2000–01 to 2005–06.

³²Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, unpublished tables prepared from Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Reports 2000–01 to 2005–06.

³³Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156; Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Report 2004–05, Cat. No. HOU 132.

³⁴Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) “Demand for SAAP Accommodation by Homeless People 2005–06” in Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Report 2005–06, HOU 169, table 7.2 p.49.

³⁵ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) “Demand for SAAP Accommodation by Homeless People 2005–06” in Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Report 2005–06, HOU 169 table 4.2 p.24.

³⁶Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Counting the Homeless, Cat. No. 2050.0.

³⁷ National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth.

³⁸ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

³⁹ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Data Collection Agency Data Request 2005–06 (unpublished).

⁴⁰ Ibid.

⁴¹ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, table 4.3 p.27.

⁴² Australian Institute of Health and Welfare National Data Collection Agency Data Request 2005–06 (unpublished).

⁴³ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2001) Counting the Homeless, Cat. No. 2050.0.

⁴⁴ Thompson Goodall Associates (1998) Veterans At Risk Research Project.

⁴⁵ABS, AIHW Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008, ABS cat no 4704.0

⁴⁶ABS, AIHW Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008, ABS cat no 4704.0

⁴⁷ ABS, AIHW Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008, ABS cat no 4704.0

⁴⁸ ABS, AIHW Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008, ABS cat no 4704.0

⁴⁹ ABS 2005, The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2005, ABS cat. no. 4704.0 and AIHW cat no. IHW14.

⁵⁰ABS 2005, The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2005, ABS cat. no. 4704.0 and AIHW cat no. IHW14.

⁵¹ABS 2005, The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2005, ABS cat. no. 4704.0 and AIHW cat no. IHW14.

⁵²SAAP NDCA data 2003–04, (unpublished table).

⁵³Holmes C, Ahmat S, Henry A, Manhire J, Mow M, Shepherd J & Williams G 2007, Preliminary inquiry into the recent influx of Indigenous visitors to Darwin from remote communities, Larrakia Nation Aboriginal Corporation, Darwin, Northern Territory.

⁵⁴Cooper, L & Morris, M 2003, Sustainable Tenancies for Indigenous Families: What Services and Policy Supports are Needed?, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute.

⁵⁵ABS, AIHW Health and Welfare of Australia’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, 2008, ABS cat no 4704.0

⁵⁶ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

⁵⁷Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, table 4.5 p.29.

⁵⁸ Wilson, L. & Spoehr, J. (2003) Towards a Predictive Model of Homelessness in South Australia, Report 1, University of Adelaide and Australian Institute for Social Research.

⁵⁹Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2003) “Stable Housing for People with Living with Mental Illness” in AHURI Research and Policy Bulletin, Issue 16, ISSN 1445–3428.

⁶⁰Royal District Nursing Service (1999), available at http//:www.rdns.com.au

⁶¹Phillips, G. (2007) “Homeless People in Emergency Departments” in Parity, Vol. 20, Issue 2.

⁶² Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

⁶³Tresidder, J. & Putt, J. (2005) Review of Data on Juvenile Remandees in Tasmania, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

⁶⁴Wilson, L. & Spoehr, J. (2003) Towards a Predictive Model of Homelessness in South Australia.

⁶⁵Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

⁶⁶Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008 (unpublished), p.8.

⁶⁷ Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Commonwealth State Housing Agreement Funding Trends 1995–96 to 2007–08, (unpublished).

⁶⁸ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) Australian Social Trends, Cat. No. 4102.0.

⁶⁹ Data provided by BIS Shrapnel 2007, and sourced from BIS Shrapnel, Real Estate Institute of Australia and the Australian Bureau of Statistics.

⁷⁰National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (2008) Housing Stress in Australia 2003–04 and 2007, commissioned research using STINMOD 2007 updated to December 2007. (Rental stress occurs when housing costs exceed 30 per cent of disposable income and the household is also in the bottom 40 per cent of annual income distribution. )

⁷¹Real Estate Institute of Australia (2007) Real Estate Market Facts, September.

⁷²AMP.NATSEM National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (2008) Wherever I Lay my Debt, That’s My Home: Trends in Housing Affordability and Housing Stress 1995–96 to 2005–06, Income and Wealth Report Issue 19, NATSEM University of Canberra, Canberra.

⁷³AMP.NATSEM National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (2008) Wherever I Lay my Debt, That’s My Home: Trends in Housing Affordability and Housing Stress 1995–96 to 2005–06, Income and Wealth Report Issue 19, NATSEM University of Canberra, Canberra.

⁷⁴JPMorgan/Fujitsu (2008) Australian Mortgage Industry, Vol. 7.

⁷⁵Vinson, T. (2007) Dropping off the Edge: The Distribution of Disadvantage in Australia, Jesuit Social Services/Catholic Social Services, Australia.

⁷⁶Australian Bureau of Statistics (2005) The Health and Welfare of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, Cat. No. 4704.0.

⁷⁷Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

⁷⁸Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Partnerships Against Domestic Violence Summary Findings from Phase 1: For Policy Makers, Implications of Partnerships Against Domestic Violence for Housing and Accommodation.

⁷⁹Chung, D., Kennedy, R., O’Brien, B. & Wendt, S. (2000) Home Safe Home: The Link between Domestic and Family Violence and Women’s Homelessness, Social Policy Research Group University of South Australia, p 47

⁸⁰Chung, D., Kennedy, R., O’Brien, B. & Wendt, S. (2000) Home Safe Home: The Link between Domestic and Family Violence and Women’s Homelessness, Social Policy Research Group University of South Australia.

⁸¹Department of Family and Community Services background paper for Standing Committee on Indigenous Housing/Policy Research Working Group on Indigenous SAAP Clients, with data derived from SAAP NDCA (unpublished).

⁸²Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007), Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency 2005–06 data (unpublished).

⁸³ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

⁸⁴Australian Council of Social Services (1999) People in Financial Crisis, February.

⁸⁵Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Emergency Relief Program data 2006–07 (unpublished).

⁸⁶Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007) Employee Earnings, Benefits and Trade Union Membership, Cat. No. 6310.0.

⁸⁷National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth.

⁸⁸Teeson, M., Hodder, T. & Burich, N. (2004) “Psychiatric Disorders in Homeless Men and Women in Inner Sydney” in Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 38, pp.965–74.

⁸⁹Thomson Goodall Associates (2003) People who are Assisted by SAAP Services and Require a High Level and Complexity of Service Provision: An Enhanced Assessment and Measurement Framework, a report to the Department of Family and Community Services.

⁹⁰Makkai, T. (1999) “Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA): A Brief Description” in Research and Public Policy Series, No. 21.; Mouzos, J., Hind, N., Smith, L. & Adams, K. (2007) “Drug Use Monitoring in Australia: 2006 Annual Report on Drug Use Among Police Detainees” in Research and Public Policy Series, No. 75.

⁹¹Shelter Western Australia (2001) Housing Needs of People Affected by Mental Health Problems: Final Report.

⁹²Thomson Goodall Associates (2003) People who are Assisted by SAAP Services and Require a High Level and Complexity of Service Provision: An Enhanced Assessment and Measurement Framework, a report to the Department of Family and Community Services.

⁹³Mallett, S., Edwards, J., Keys, D., Myers, P. & Rosenthal, D. (2003) Disrupting Stereotypes: Young People, Drug Use and Homelessness, Key Centre for Women’s Health in Society, University of Melbourne, Melbourne.

⁹⁴Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007), Labour Force Status and Other Characteristics of Families Survey, Cat. No. 6224.0.

⁹⁵Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (2005) Society at a Glance: OECD, Social Indicators, p.39.

⁹⁶Vinson, T. (2007) Dropping off the Edge: The Distribution of Disadvantage in Australia, Jesuit Social Services/Catholic Social Services, Australia.

⁹⁷Law and Justice Foundation New South Wales (2005) No Home No Justice: The Legal Needs of Homeless People.

⁹⁸Public Interest Law Clearing House Homeless Persons’ Legal Clinic (2004) Improving the Administration of Justice for Homeless People in the Court Process, Public Interest Law Clearinghouse, Australia.

⁹⁹Makkai, T. (1999) “Drug Use Monitoring in Australia (DUMA): A Brief Description” in Research and Public Policy Series, No. 21.’; Mouzos, J., Hind, N., Smith, L. & Adams, K. (2007) “Drug Use Monitoring in Australia: 2006 Annual Report on Drug Use Among Police Detainees” in Research and Public Policy Series, No. 75.

¹⁰⁰Vinson, T. (2007) Dropping off the Edge: The Distribution of Disadvantage in Australia, Jesuit Social Services/Catholic Social Services, Australia.

¹⁰¹Australian Institute of Health Welfare (2007) Australia’s Welfare 2007, Cat. No. AUS 93.

¹⁰²Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

¹⁰³Willis, M. (2004) Ex-Prisoners, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program Housing and Homelessness in Australia, Final Report to the National Supported Accommodation Assistance Program Co-ordination and Development Committee, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

¹⁰⁴Willis, M. (2004) Ex-Prisoners, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program Housing and Homelessness in Australia, Final Report to the National Supported Accommodation Assistance Program Co-ordination and Development Committee, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra.

¹⁰⁵National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth.

¹⁰⁶National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth.

¹⁰⁷Chamberlain, C. & Mackenzie, D. (2008) “Youth Homelessness in Australia 2006”, Melbourne, in National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth, p.125.

¹⁰⁸Mallett, S., Rosenthal, D., Keys, D. & Myers, P. (2004) “Moving Out, Moving On: Key Findings”, in National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth, p.125.

¹⁰⁹Chamberlain, C., Johnson, G. & Theobald, J. (2006) Homelessness in Melbourne: Confronting the Challenge, Centre for Applied Social Research, RMIT University, Australia.

¹¹⁰Chamberlain, C., Johnson, G. & Theobald, J. (2006) Homelessness in Melbourne: Confronting the Challenge, Centre for Applied Social Research, RMIT University, Australia.

¹¹¹ Chamberlain, C., Johnson, G. & Theobald, J. (2006) Homelessness in Melbourne: Confronting the Challenge, Centre for Applied Social Research, RMIT University, Australia.

¹¹²Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of SAAP IV Future Directions for SAAP: Executive Summary, p.1.

¹¹³Information provided by State and Territory departments on programs directly targeting homelessness for 2007–08 that are not SAAP.

¹¹⁴Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, table 3.1.

¹¹⁵Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, table 3.1table 2.3.

¹¹⁶Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of SAAP IV Future Directions for SAAP: Executive Summary, p.2.

¹¹⁷Supported Accommodation Assistance Act (1994).

¹¹⁸Supported Accommodation Assistance Act (1994).

¹¹⁹Note that in 2005-06, only 278 agencies (or 21.4 per cent of all SAAP agencies) provided multiple, cross-target services to a wide range of client groups.

¹²⁰Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

¹²¹Department of Family and Community Services, Unpublished data from SAAP National Data Collection 1996-97 to 2005-06.

¹²²Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008
(unpublished), p.8. Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Commonwealth
State Housing Agreement Funding Trends 1995–96 to 2007–08, (unpublished), p.11.

¹²³Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance
Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2000-01 to 2005-06.

¹²⁴Norris, K., Thompson, D., Eardley, T. & Hoffman, S. (2005) Children in SAAP: Final Report, Social Policy Research Centre, Sydney.

¹²⁵It is noted that the unit cost per bed for women’s refuges is substantially higher than the unit cost per bed in a homeless shelter for single adults or a bed in a youth refuge. This increased unit cost may recognise the true cost of service provision to women and the children accompanying them.

¹²⁶Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008 (unpublished), p.11.

¹²⁷Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of SAAP IV: Final Report, p.197.

¹²⁸ Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of SAAP IV: Final Report p.200.

¹²⁹Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, table 6.3, p.48.

¹³⁰Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of SAAP IV: Future Directions for SAAP, Sydney, p.15.

¹³¹Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

¹³²Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless SAAP Clients with Mental Health and Substance Use Problems 2004–05, Bulletin 51.

¹³³Thomson Goodall Associates (2003) People who are Assisted by SAAP Services and Require a High Level and Complexity of Service Provision: An Enhanced Assessment and Measurement Framework, a report to the Department of Family and Community Services.

¹³⁴Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of the Supported Accommodation Assistance Program (SAAP IV) Final Report, p.192 & 195.

¹³⁵Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of Supported Accommodation Program (SAAP IV) Final Report, p.192.

¹³⁶ Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of Supported Accommodation Program (SAAP IV) Final Report p.191.

¹³⁷Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, table derived from Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Reports 2000-01 to 2005-06, AIHW, Canberra. (unpublished)

¹³⁸Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, table derived from Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Reports 2000-01 to 2005-06, AIHW, Canberra. (unpublished)

¹³⁹Department of Family and Community Services (2003) SAAP Monograph: Older SAAP Clients, Monograph Number 2, p. 36.

¹⁴⁰Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, p 72.

¹⁴¹Social Policy Research Centre (2008) Measuring the Impact of SAAP-Funded Homelessness Services on Client Self- Reliance, University of New South Wales, Sydney (report due for release in May 2008).

¹⁴²Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, p.76.

¹⁴³ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156, p.76.

¹⁴⁴Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of SAAP IV: Future Directions for SAAP, p.48.

¹⁴⁵Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

¹⁴⁶Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

¹⁴⁷Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) “Demand for SAAP Accommodation by Homeless People 2005–06” in Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 169, table 7.2 p 73.

¹⁴⁸Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) “Demand for SAAP Accommodation by Homeless People 2005–06” in Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 169table 4.3, p.27.

¹⁴⁹Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers
Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008
(unpublished), p.6.

¹⁵⁰Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers
Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008
(unpublished), p.10.

¹⁵¹Erebus Consulting Partners; National Evaluation of SAAP IV—Executive Summary, p. 6.

¹⁵²Erebus Consulting Partners; National Evaluation of SAAP IV—Executive Summary

¹⁵³Homelessness Australia 2008, Green Paper on Homelessness Roundtable: Report on Key Issues, March
(unpublished),

¹⁵⁴Erebus Consulting Partners (2004) National Evaluation of SAAP IV—Executive Summary, p. 6.

¹⁵⁵ Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers
Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008
(unpublished), p.10.

¹⁵⁶Flatau, P. (2008) The Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Homelessness Prevention and Assistance Programs,
Australian Housing and Research Institute. Australia.

¹⁵⁷Raper, M. (2008) Homelessness and Participation, paper presented at Homelessness Australia’s Green Paper on
Homelessness Roundtable, Sydney.

¹⁵⁸Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) Homeless People in SAAP, Supported Accommodation Assistance Program National Data Collection Agency Annual Report 2005–06, Cat. No. HOU 156.

¹⁵⁹Australian Council of Social Service (2007) Welfare to Work Policy Effects and Solutions, available at http://www.acoss.org.au/upload/publications/papers/1029__info%20Welfare%20to%20Work%20Summary.pdf; Raper, M. (2008) Homelessness and Participation, paper presented at Homelessness Australia’s Green Paper on Homelessness Roundtable, Sydney.

¹⁶⁰Australian Council of Social Service (2007) Welfare to Work Policy Effects and Solutions, available at http://www. acoss.org.au/upload/publications/papers/ 1029__info%20Welfare%20to%20Work%20Summary.pdf

¹⁶¹Raper, M. (2008) ‘Homelessness and Participation’, paper presented at Homelessness Australia’s Green Paper on Homelessness Roundtable, Sydney.

¹⁶²Eardley, T., Norris, K. & Rawsthorne, M. (2005) The Impact of Breaches on Income Support Recipients, Social Policy Research Centre.

¹⁶³National Youth Commission (2008) Australia's Homeless Youth.

¹⁶⁴National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth p.13.

¹⁶⁵http://mediacentre.dewr.gov.au/mediacentre/Gillard/Releases/Moreflexiblebettertargeted employmentservices.htm

¹⁶⁶Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008 (unpublished), p.9.

¹⁶⁷Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Commonwealth State Housing Agreement Funding Trends 1995–96 to 2007–08 (unpublished data).

¹⁶⁸ Hodder, T., Teeson, M. & Buhrich, N. (1998) Down and Out in Sydney: Prevalence of Mental Disorders, Disability and Health Service Use among Homeless People in inner Sydney, Research Group in mental health and homelessness,
p.10.

¹⁶⁹Senate Select Committee on Mental Health (2006) A National Approach to Mental Health—from Crisis to Community; Mental Health Council of Australia (2005) Not For Service: Experiences of Injustice and Despair in Mental Health Care in Australia, Mental Health Council of Australia.

¹⁷⁰Homelessness and Mental Health Linkages (2001) Review of National and International Literature and Housing Needs of People Affected by Mental Health Problems, Perth.

¹⁷¹Mental Health Coalition of South Australia (2008) Statement on Housing for Mental Health.

¹⁷²Andrews, G. & Tolkien II Team (2007) Tolkien II: A Needs-Based, Costed, Stepped-Care Model for Mental Health Services Sydney, World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Classification in Mental Health; Mental Health Coalition of South Australia (2008) Housing for Mental Health: 2008–2012, Adelaide.

¹⁷³Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing (2006 ) Snapshot Survey, (unpublished).

¹⁷⁴Mental Health Coalition of South Australia (2008) Housing for Mental Health: 2008–2012, Adelaide.

¹⁷⁵ Data supplied by the Department of Health and Ageing (unpublished).

¹⁷⁶Department of Health and Ageing (2007) National Mental Health Report 2007: Summary of Twelve Years of Reform in Australia’s Mental Health Services under the National Mental Health Strategy 1992-2005, Canberra

¹⁷⁷Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008 (unpublished), p.10 & 19.

¹⁷⁸Grace, M. (2005) Australian Homeless Jobseekers aged 18 to 35 years: Benchmark Report for YP4, Victoria University, Victoria.

¹⁷⁹Homelessness Australia (2008) Green Paper on Homelessness Roundtable: Report of key issues, (unpublished).

¹⁸⁰Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (2008) Homelessness is a Human Rights Issue; Parkinson, S. & Horn, M. (2002) Homelessness and Employment Assistance, Hanover, Australia.

¹⁸¹ Melbourne Citymission (2007) A Plan for Change: Position Paper, Youth Homelessness Campaign.

¹⁸²Horn, M. (2008) Rethinking Employment Assistance to Strengthen Social and Economic Participation, paper presented to the Economic and Social Outlook Conference.

¹⁸³ RPR Consulting (2003) I’m looking at the future: Evaluation Report of Reconnect, report for the Department of Family and Community Services.

¹⁸⁴Submission 15, St John’s Youth Services, Submission 44, Mission Australia, Submission 47, Hanover Welfare Services, Submission 67, Shopfront Youth Legal Centre, in National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth.

¹⁸⁵ RPR Consulting (2003) I’m looking at the future: Evaluation Report of Reconnect, report for the Department of Family and Community Services.

¹⁸⁶National Youth Commission (2008) Australia’s Homeless Youth.

¹⁸⁷Some organisations, such as the Exodus Foundation, provide ‘second chance education and training programs for early school leavers who are homeless’, available at http://www.billcrews.com.au/htm/exodus.htm?our_servicesexodus_youth

¹⁸⁸Taskforce on Child Care Costs (2007) Affordability Index, available at http://www.tocc.org.au/media/Childcare_
Affordability_Index_FAQs.doc

¹⁸⁹Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008 (unpublished), p.10.

¹⁹⁰Victorian Government Department of Human Services (2007) Targeted Initiatives, available at http//:www.hnb.dhs. vic.gov.au

¹⁹¹South Australian Department of the Premier and Cabinet 2008, Social inclusion initiative, available at http://www. socialinclusion.sa.gov.au/

¹⁹²Crowe, K & Johansson, E 2007, Garden Court/Foyer Final Evaluation Report, April 2006 to June 2007, Southern Youth and Family Services Association Incorporated.

¹⁹³ Beacon Foundation, available at <http//:www.beaconfoundation.net/

¹⁹⁴ Toll Group, Toll Second Step Program, available at http://www.toll.com.au/community.html

¹⁹⁵See also information about MindMatters—a mental health prevention and early intervention program for school students, available at http://cms.curriculum.edu.au/mindmatters/about/about.htm

¹⁹⁶St Vincent de Paul Association Australia, available at http://www.vinnies.org.au/services.cfm?parentid=2&id=63

¹⁹⁷Healy K, Inbal, G 2007, Homelessness to Home: An Evaluation of a Family Homelessness National Homelessness Demonstration Project.

¹⁹⁸2001, Housing Policies as a Method of Reinforcing Social Cohesion, 13th Meeting of the Ministers of Housing of the European Union, 2001, p14

¹⁹⁹European Union, Council of the European Union 2001, ‘Draft Joint Report on Social Inclusion: Part I’, availableat:ec.europa.eu/employment_social/social_inclusion/docs/15223_part1_en.pdf

²⁰⁰Greenhalgh, E, Miller, A, Mead, E, Jerome, K & Minnery J 2004, Recent International and National Approaches to Homelessness: Final Report to the National SAAP Coordination and Development Committee SAAP NCDC, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, p.36.

²⁰¹2001, Housing Policies as a Method of Reinforcing Social Cohesion, 13th Meeting of the Ministers of Housing of the European Union, 2001, p14.

²⁰²Public Interest Law Clearing House, Homeless Persons’ Legal Clinic, available at http://www.pilch.org.au/html/s02_article/default.asp?nav_cat_id=172&nav_top_id=60

²⁰³Reclink Australia, available at http://www.reclink.org/

²⁰⁴Greenhalgh E, Miller, E, Mead, E, Jerome K & Minnery J 2004;Recent International and National Approaches to Homelessness: Final Report to the National SAAP Coordination and Development Committee, Australian Housing and Urban Reseach Institute.

²⁰⁵Mortimer, B, Tulsi, N, Hume, A, & Rogers, N 2006, Review of the Operation of Lakeview Transitional Accommodation Program: Evaluation Report, Social Inclusion, Strategy and Research, Government of South Australia.

²⁰⁶Guardianship and Administration Services, Council to Homeless Persons, available at http://www.chp.org.au/parity/articles/results.chtml?filename_num=00243; Rota-Bartelink, A 2007, The wicking project—Report 1: the Wintringham model of residential care: A specialised service providing for a group of older people with complex care needs; Binkley A, & Gaskin, C, Wintringham recreation program benefits study 2002–04.

²⁰⁷Live N Learn, available at http://www.livenlearn.com.au/about-us.html

²⁰⁸Australian Institute of Criminology 2002, Bail Support Services In Queensland: A Collaborative Approach To Crime Prevention, available at http://www.aic.gov.au/conferences/crimpre/hegarty.html; Gregory, H 2006, Giving Youth a Voice, The Youth Advocacy Centre, Brisbane, 1981–2006, p.42.

²⁰⁹ Fine, M, Pancharatnam, K & Thomson, C 2005, Coordinated and Integrated Human Service.

²¹⁰National Association of Community Legal Centres 2007, submission to the Attorney-General the Hon. Philip Ruddock MP regarding the internal review of the Commonwealth Community Legal Services Program, 30 March, p.34.

²¹¹Catholic Healthcare, Mercy Arms community care, available at http://www.catholichealthcare.com.au/Mercy_Arms_ Community_Care.htm

²¹²Perri, 6 2004, ‘Joined Up Government in the Western World in Comparative Perspective: A Preliminary Literature Review and Exploration’ in Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, vol. 14, pp.103–38.

²¹³Lake, P 2005, ‘Responding to Homelessness: A Joined-Up Government Approach’, paper presented to Building for Diversity: National Housing Conference.

²¹⁴Dennis, DL., Cocozza, JJ, & Steademan, HJ 1998, What do We Know about Systems Integration and Homelessness? in LB. Fosburg & DL Dennis (eds), Practical Lessons: The 1998 National Symposium on Homelessness Research, Delmar, NY, National Resource Centre on Homelessness and Mental Illness.

²¹⁵The Brisbane Homeless Service Centre, available at http://www.qcoss.org.au/upload/1788_collaboration-cshomeless-service-centre.pdf

²¹⁶Tasmania Police, Safe at Home, available at http://www.police.tas.gov.au/security_and_safety/home_safety/safeat-home; Tasmanian Government, Review of Family Violence Act 2004, available at http://www.safeathome.tas.gov.au/review_of_family_violence_act_2004

²¹⁷Hanover for our homeless, Hanover family focus, available at http://www.hanover.org.au/index_general.asp?menuid=030.030.170; Cloc, Z ‘Prevention is Better Than Cure: Early Intervention and Preventing Family Homelessness’ in Parity, June 2007 issue, Council to Homeless Persons

²¹⁸Submission 11, Hobart College, as quoted in National Youth Commission 2008, Australia’s Homeless Youth, April, p179.

²¹⁹Evans, E 2008, ‘Taminmin High School, Darwin’, Day 4, 2007, in National Youth Commission 2008, Australia’s Homeless Youth: A Report of the National Youth Commission Inquiry into Youth Homelessness, National Youth Commission, p.179.

²²⁰The Scottish Government 2006, Helping Homeless People - Delivering the Action Plan for Prevention and Effective Response: Homelessness Monitoring Group Third Report.

²²¹www.communities.gov.uk/publications/housing/sustainablecommunitiessettled2;Pawson H 2007, The Role of Prevention In England’s Plunging Homelessness Number, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh

²²²Mission Australia 2007, A Community Initiative Fact Sheet, Mission Australia, Surry Hills.

²²³Existing Partners, Vodafone Australia Foundation, available at http://www.vodafone.com.au/UniversalFooter/ AboutVodafoneAustralia/CorporateResponsibilityTheCommunity/VodafoneAustraliaFoundation/ExistingPartners/
index.htm; and Young People Connected, Positive Outcomes, available at http://www.positiveoutcomes.com.au/ page.asp?partid=335

²²⁴Erebus Consulting; National Evaluation of SAAP IV – Future Directions for SAAP, 2004 pages 48-49

²²⁵Joint Submission to the Australian Government on Homelessness from State and Territory Housing Ministers Council Ministers and Community and Disability Services Council Ministers Responsible for SAAP, 22 April 2008(unpublished), p.22.

²²⁶http://www.budget.gov.au/2008-09/content/bp1/html/bp1_bst1-06.htm

²²⁷http://www.budget.gov.au/2008-09/content/overview/html/overview_28.htm

²²⁸Disney, J 2007, ‘Affordable housing in Australia: Some key problems and priorities for action’, paper delivered at the National Forum on Affordable Housing, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, available at http//:www. ahuri.edu.au/downloads/2007_Events/AHURI_Conf/Julian_Disney.pdf

²²⁹Partnerships against Domestic Violence, Summary findings from Phase 1, for Policy Makers, p.1.

²³⁰AIHW 2008, Housing assistance in Australia, cat. no. HOU 173.

²³¹Gillard, J & Wong P 2007, ‘An Australian Social Inclusion Agenda’ in Targeting for fairness, background discussion paper for ACOSS Social Inclusion Conference, p.1.

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