The Estimated Costs of Children in Australian Families in 2005-06  

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6. References 

Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS 2000), Household Expenditure Survey 1998-99, Australia, Confidentialised Unit Record File Technical Paper, ABS Catalogue no. 6544.0.30.001, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra

Betson, M. (1990), Alternative Estimates of the Cost of Children From the 1980-86 Consumer Expenditure Survey, Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Special Report Series No. 51.

Bradbury, B. (1994), 'Measuring the Cost of Children', Australian Economic Papers, June 1994, 120-138.

Bradbury, B. (1997), Family Size and Relative Need, Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, School of Economics, University of New South Wales.

Carlucci, M. and Roberto Zelli (1998), Expenditure Patterns and Equivalence Scales', Paper presented to the 25th General Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, Cambridge, 23-29 August.

Deaton, S. and J. Muellbauer (1986), ' On measuring child costs: with applications to poor countries', Journal of Political Economy, 94(4), 720-44.

Espenshade, T. (1972) The Cost of Children In Urban United States, Princeton University, Ph.D., University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Espenshade, T. (1984), Investing in Children: New Estimates of Parental Expenditures, The Urban Institutes Press, Washington DC,

Lee, D. (1988), 'Estimates of Direct Expenditures on Children in Australian: Results from the Household Expenditure Survey 1984', paper presented at the Conference of the Australian Population Association, Brisbane, August 31 - September 2, 1988.

Leser, C. (1963), 'Forms of Engel functions', Econometrica, 31(4), 694-703.

McHugh, M (1999), ‘The Costs of Children: Budget Standards Estimates and the Child Support Scheme’, Discussion Paper No 103, Social Policy Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney.

Merz, J. and J. Faik (1992), 'Equivalence Scales Based on Revealed Preference Consumption Expenditure Microdata - the Case of West Germany', Discussion Paper No. 3., Forschungsinstitut Freie Berufe, University of Lunenburg, Lunenburg.

Percival, R., Harding, A., (2002), ‘All they need is love… and around $450,000’, AMPNATSEM Income and Wealth Report, Issue 3, October.

Harding, A. and Percival, R. (1999), ‘The Private Costs of Children in 1993-94’, Family Matters, No 54, Spring/Summer, pp. 82-87.

Henman, P. (2005), ‘Updated Costs of Children Using Australian Budget Standards’, Report of the Ministerial Task Force on Child Support, Volume Two: Commissioned Research, Canberra.

Merz, J., Garner, T., Smeeding, T., Faik, J. and Johnson, D. (1993), ‘Two Scales, One Methodology: Expenditure Equivalence Scales for the United States and Germany’, All-University Gerontology Center, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York.

Percival, R., Harding, A., and P McDonald (1999), ‘Estimates of the Costs of Children in Australian Families, 1993-94’, report prepared for the Department of Family and Community Services, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, May.

Rothbarth, E. (1943), 'A Note on a Method of Determining Equivalent Income for Families of Different Composition', Appendix 4 in C. Madge (ed.) War-time Patterns of Saving and Spending, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Saunders, P. (1999), ‘Budget Standards and the Costs of Children’, Family Matters, No 53, Winter, pp. 62-70.

Tran Nam, Binh and Peter Whiteford (1990), ‘Household equivalence scales: new Australian estimates from the 1984 Household expenditure survey' The Economic Record, September, 221-234.

Valenzuela, M.R. (1999), ‘Costs of Children in Australian Households’, Family Matters, No 53, Winter, pp. 71-76.

Watts, H., (1977) "The iso-prop index: An approach to the determination of deferential poverty income thresholds", in M. Moon and E. Smolensky (eds.) Improving Measures of Economic Well-being, New York, Academic Press.

Whiteford, P. (1985), A family's needs: Equivalence scales , poverty and social security, Research Paper No. 27, Development Division, Department of Social Security, Canberra.

Working, H. (1943), 'Statistical laws of family expenditures', Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol, 38, 43-56.


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